Framework's 10G Ethernet module reveals complexities of USB-C standards and performance.
As technology rapidly advances, the increasing demand for faster network connections is evident. Framework's recent launch of its 10G Ethernet module has piqued the interest of enthusiasts and professionals alike. Although it allows for efficient high-speed networking, the module also highlights the inherent complexities of USB-C connectivity.
Framework has garnered attention for its innovative approach to modular laptops. The Framework Expansion ecosystem allows users to customize their devices by swapping out components, including the recently introduced 10G Ethernet Expansion Card. This module is designed to fit seamlessly into any available Framework Expansion slot, including those found on the Framework Desktop.
Those familiar with networking will recognize WisdPi's reputation for developing Ethernet adapters. WisdPi has produced both 5 Gbps and 10 Gbps Ethernet adapters over the past couple of years. However, users have raised concerns about performance when utilizing newer Realtek Ethernet chips, especially under Linux systems.
At the heart of the performance challenges faced by the new 10G Ethernet Expansion Card is USB-C's bandwidth complexity. The integration of the Realtek RTL8159 Ethernet controller is pivotal, but it is worth noting that this chip requires USB 3.2 Gen 2x2 specifications to fully utilize its capabilities of reaching 10 Gbps.
Many Framework laptops support various USB standards, but users often find their performance does not match expectations. For instance, numerous laptops deliver considerably less than the desired speeds. In practical terms, users may experience real-world maximum speeds closer to 9.4 Gbps, which is notably lower than the theoretical maximum.
In an attempt to test these speeds, one user experimented with a Framework 13 laptop equipped with AMD's Ryzen AI 5 340. Surprisingly, while the documentation indicated support for USB 3.2 Gen 2x2 on at least ports 1 and 3, actual results revealed a discrepancy between documentation and performance, with Linux yielding even lower speeds compared to Windows 11.
The tests conducted on different Framework laptops revealed significant variances in performance and throughput. For instance, while the Framework 12 laptop, powered by a slower Intel 13th Gen mobile CPU, certified USB 3.2 Gen 2x2 speeds, performance was still subpar on Linux, leading to further investigation into the functionality of the Realtek driver.
Shifting to Windows 11 improved performance; however, users still faced hurdles. Despite the port identifying correctly as Gen 2x2 via USB Tree Viewer, iperf3 showed limited performance, echoing issues found on Linux systems. Nevertheless, once the Realtek driver installed successfully on Windows, performance was maximized, reaching just over 9 Gbps in bidirectional throughput.
Yet, this increased performance came at the cost of heat generation. During rigorous testing, module temperatures approached 70°C, prompting one user to employ a thermal camera to gauge the exact figures. While manufacturers assured anthropic-implications-for-ai-models/">compliance with IEC 62368-1 safety limits, the heat potential raises questions about user comfort when incorporating this module into everyday situations.
Given the high heat output and performance limitations of the WisdPi 10G Card, users should approach this technology thoughtfully. Recommendations suggest using the card only in non-lap environments. Additionally, if the primary goal is speed, alternative products may be more suited for general use.
For everyday users who need reliable performance, selecting the traditional Ethernet Expansion Card might prove optimal. This option supports speeds up to 2.5 Gbps and is cost-effective at approximately $40. Conversely, those who require faster connectivity without resorting to external USB-C adapters may consider the $99 WisdPi 10G Card—albeit with awareness of its current stock status.
Ultimately, testing and expanding upon this new technology will help the developer community better understand the intricate workings of high-speed connections via USB-C. WisdPi's willingness to engage with testers and incorporate feedback into their products is noteworthy and could drive improvements in future iterations of their Ethernet modules.
The testing module utilized in this assessment was provided by WisdPi for detailed performance analysis and review.